Phasor diagram
A figure or diagram which gives the information (i.e. magnitude and phase angle) about alternating quantities known as phasor diagram or vector diagram.
Phasor Algebra
Any alternating voltage or current can be represented by vector , e.g.


A vector can be represented by two methods
(i) Rectangular representation
Vector can be represented in terms of X and Y components. As shown in the figure given below, vector E angle 0
can be represented by two components


‘j’ is used to indicate that Y component is perpendicular to X component. The value of


The representation A + j B is known as rectangular representation.
(ii) Polar representation
A vector E angle 0 is the polar representation. E is the magnitude and is the angle with X-axis, clockwise for (—) ve value of and counter clockwise for (+) ve value of Polar representation can be converted to rectangular representation or vice-versa.


Addition and subtraction arc done in rectangular form.
e.g. (A +j B) + (C +j D) = (A + C) +j (B + D)
or (A +j B) – (C +j D) = (A + C) + j (B + D)
Multiplication and division is simpler in polar form


Leading and Lagging ac quantities
Leading ac quantities arc those which cover or attain its maximum value earlier or before as compared to other ac quantities on the time axis, whereas lagging ac quantities arc those which cover or attain its maximum value after or later as compared to other ac quantities.


As shown in above figure i.e. wave diagram and phasor diagram (i) v3 is leading with V1 by 600 and is leading with v2 by 900 .
(ii) V1 is lagging with v3 by 600 and is leading with v2 by 300 (iii) v2 is lagging with V1 by 300 and is lagging with v3 by 900.
A.C. CIRCUITS TOPIC
- Introduction Of AC Circuits In Electrical Engineering
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- Explain what is ac quantity : and Advantages of AC over DC in circuits
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- Phasor representation of alternating quantities – resistive, inductive, capacitive
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- Explain three phase generation of voltage ? electrical engineering
- Explain in detail about what is star and delta three phase system ?
- Relation between phase voltage & line voltage in case of balanced star connected load
- relationship between line current & phase current for delta connected 3 load
- Relation between power consumed in a balanced star & delta connection
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